English

Class actions and collective redress in Turkey: associative actions, consumer collective claims, mass damages, opt-in vs opt-out, EU comparison.

Product liability in Turkey: defective product, strict liability, recall obligations, causation, damages, insurance, EU directive influence.

Consumer protection in Turkey: TKHK, e-commerce withdrawal right, defective goods, advertising standards, class actions, fines.

Commercial agency and distributorship in Turkey: termination compensation, EU directive comparison, exclusivity, non-compete, transfer of clientele.

Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Turkey: New York Convention 1958, formal requirements, public policy review.

Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in Turkey: requirements, reciprocity, public policy, MÖHUK, finality, judicial review.

ISTAC arbitration in Turkey: rules, fast-track procedures, emergency arbitrator, online hearings, fees, enforcement of awards.

Concession agreements in Turkey: legal basis, dispute resolution, termination, expropriation, foreign investor protection, Council of State.

PPP and infrastructure in Turkey: BOT, BLT, BO models, concession agreements, debt assumption, treasury guarantees, project finance.

Public procurement in Turkey: KIK, tender types, eligibility, complaint mechanism, EKAP, EU comparison, foreign bidder issues.

Gambling and betting law in Turkey: state monopoly (İddia, Milli Piyango), illegal gambling, online betting blocks, AML compliance.

Alcohol and tobacco regulation in Turkey: production and import licenses, advertising ban, taxation (ÖTV), retail rules, e-cigarettes.