Legal Articles & Blog

LLC vs Joint Stock Company in Turkey: Which to Choose in 2026 When establishing acompany in Turkey, foreign investors must choose between two primary legal structures: the Limited Liability Company (Limited Şirket — LTD Şti.) and the Joint Stock Company (Anonim Şirket — AŞ). This decision affects everything from capital requirements and governance to tax…

Turkuaz Card Turkey 2026: Permanent Residence for Qualified Foreigners The Turkuaz Card is Turkey’s equivalent of a permanent residence permit with integrated work authorization, designed to attract highly qualified professionals, investors, and individuals who make significant contributions to Turkey. Named after the turquoise color associated with Turkish culture, the Turkuaz Card provides its holders with

Turkey Residence Permit Rejection: How to Appeal in 2026 Having yourTurkish residence permit application rejected can be a stressful and confusing experience. Whether it is a first-time application or a renewal, understanding why rejections happen and how to appeal is critical for protecting your right to live in Turkey. This guide by Attorney Bilal Alyar

E-2 Treaty Investor Visa with Turkish Passport: USA Entry Guide The E-2 Treaty Investor Visa is one of the most compelling reasons foreign nationals pursueTurkish citizenship by investment. Turkey has a bilateral Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with the United States that qualifies Turkish citizens for the E-2 visa — a non-immigrant visa that allows

Turkish Passport Visa-Free Countries 2026: Complete List The Turkish passport has steadily gained strength, providing visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 110 countries and territories as of 2026. For investors who obtainedTurkish citizenship through investment, the passport’s travel freedom is a significant benefit. This guide provides the complete list of visa-free destinations and analyzes the

Turkey vs EU MiCA: Crypto Regulation Comparison 2026 As both Turkey and the European Union implement comprehensive crypto asset regulations, investors and businesses operating across jurisdictions need to understand the similarities and differences. Turkey’s Law No. 7518 and the EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) both establish licensing frameworks for crypto service providers, but their

Are Smart Contracts Legally Valid in Turkey? 2026 Analysis As blockchain technology becomes mainstream, the question of whether smart contracts are legally enforceable in Turkey grows increasingly relevant. From automated payments to decentralized finance protocols and supply chain management, smart contracts are being used in transactions with significant economic value. This legal analysis by Attorney

DeFi Legal Framework in Turkey 2026: What You Need to Know Decentralized Finance (DeFi) represents one of the most complex regulatory challenges facing Turkish authorities. DeFi protocols — which enable lending, borrowing, trading, and yield generation through smart contracts without traditional intermediaries — exist in a legal grey zone in Turkey. This guide by Attorney

NFT Regulations in Turkey 2026: Legal Status & Taxation Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have gained significant traction in Turkey, with the country ranking among the adopters globally. From digital art collections to music rights, gaming assets, and real estate tokenization, NFTs raise complex legal questions across intellectual property, tax, consumer protection, and financial regulation. This guide

MASAK Account Freeze: How to Unfreeze Crypto Assets in Turkey Having your bank account or crypto exchange account frozen by MASAK (Financial Crimes Investigation Board) is one of the most disruptive experiences a person or business can face in Turkey. Thousands of accounts are frozen annually as part of Turkey’s anti-money laundering enforcement, and crypto

How to Start a Crypto Exchange in Turkey 2026 Turkey’s position as one of the world’s largest crypto markets by trading volume makes it an attractive location for launching a cryptocurrency exchange. However, the regulatory landscape changed dramatically with Law No. 7518, which requires all crypto asset service providers to obtain a license from the